Propaganda
– Prepare for Indoctrination
Becky’s recent post China Criticising US Human Rights Record got me thinking about how
people in non-democratic countries may view democracies as far less than the
superior regimes which they are so often held to be. I was reminded of the 2012
mockumentary, Propaganda – Prepare for
Indoctrination which investigates the failings of democracy from a North
Korean perspective and has been described as “either a damning indictment of 21st
Century culture or the best piece of propaganda in a generation.” Film's official website It is claimed
that a female translator, Sabine, whilst holidaying in Seoul, was given a DVD produced
by alleged North Korean dissidents and instructed to translate and upload it to
YouTube for the world to see. The resulting film features an unnamed North
Korean professor using historical footage – such as clips of Paris Hilton and
the Korean War – to condemn the consumerist and imperialist culture of the
W***. Although it was later revealed that the film was in fact made by Slavko
Martinov, a New Zealand director, this makes Propaganda if anything, more intriguing. The 96 minute documentary
attacks the use of religion to impose authority on the masses, the manipulation
of citizens by so-called democratic politicians, the use of celebrity culture
and hyper-consumerism to manipulate citizens around the world and the imperialist
expansions of the United States. North Korea is upheld as the “glorious
exception” to this world of manipulation and control.
The story gets even more interesting when you
examine how the documentary was made. Christchurch man Slavko Martinov (a self-confessed
“left-handed, sugar-addicted filmmaker named after a Croatian man ‘I’ve nevermet’”) worked on the project, “with the help of friends who worked in secretfor 9 years, with zero funding, through 2 major earthquakes, 10,000 aftershocks,accusation of North Korean collusion, investigations by the South Koreangovernment, an interview with the Counter-Terrorism Unit, and retaliation fromthe Catholic Church.” In an online interview, Slavko explains how in 2003 he
grew disillusioned with life in a consumerist culture and decided to create an
“antidote to all the lies” – a film which would critique the societal attitudes
which we may have come to accept. To make the film stand out, he had the idea
to turn it into an “intercepted propaganda film.” North Korea was the obvious
choice, but Slavko also explains that there is so little information about this
country, yet a wealth of misinformation. He says it is impossible to ascertain
the opinions of North Korean people and laments that the Korean War is thought
of as the “forgotten war.” Slavko’s own identity as filmmaker remained
anonymous at the beginning. In fact, the guise was apparently so convincing
that the South Korean government accused Slavko of being a North Korean agent
and the Korean Society of New Zealand accused him of sympathising with
communists. Eugene Chang, the Christchurch-based South Korean actor who plays
the North Korean professor, faced similar subjugation and was refused communion
by his Korean Catholic church. Stuff Article on Eugene Slavko is still not entirely trusted by media
outlets in New Zealand and as a result, there is not a lot of information to be
found on him online or elsewhere. (If you find some good articles please link
them in!) Consequently, the documentary which was described by the Independent
as “the real viral hit of 2012” and rated as the “no.1 hit for 2012” by Films
For Action has been all but dismissed in mainstream New Zealand media.
(Although it was screened at the recent Documentary Edge Film Festival.) Perhaps
this situation will change. Slavko and his team are now seeking donations and
assistance in creating a second, more controversial film in the Propaganda trilogy.
Whether or not you agree with all of the
assertions raised in Propaganda, I
believe it raises a number of significant issues which we would be wise to consider.
Are we being dumbed down by mass consumerism – turning us into mindless
creatures who spend our time vaguely browsing Facebook, watching reality TV and
comparing iPhones and branded clothing? Are we being taught to simply accept the
misinformation politicians may feed us without a word of criticism? Has
religion been perverted from something intended for the good of people to a
system of control? These are pressing questions for our generation and I
believe Propaganda does us a service
in bringing this out into the open. It also raises some interesting points of
discussion for students of Political Science. By falling back on traditional
measures of ranking states according to levels of democracy or
authoritarianism, are we ignoring the significant influence of economic
systems, especially of capitalism? As New Zealanders, we may well live in a
democratic country, yet our consumerist culture – fostered by the media and propped
up by wealthy corporations – encourages us to focus on meaningless everyday
tasks of purchasing items and being good consumers, whilst turning our backs on
the more important issues of the day. Thus we become complacent and distracted
and are easier to manipulate, whilst being led to believe that we have a choice
in how our countries are run.
I would highly recommend anyone who has not
already done so to watch Propaganda. I
have linked it to this page, along with Slavko’s interview. Some parts of the
documentary are disturbing, others are laughable, but the overall effect of the
film (at least for me!) was to really make you think about some of the less
than desirable attributes of our W***ern democracies. Would a North Korean
agree with the viewpoints raised? Who knows…?
Emily - there is also a wealth of information on what North Koreans really think from North Korean defectors. Check out the work of the people at New Focus International (http://newfocusintl.com/) - a website run by North Koreans who managed to leave the North if you want to get a sense of it. It's not pretty. Whatever you may think about our capitalist societies, the alternative offered by NK is not very nice. (We'll also be reading sections of Barbara Demick's book "Nothing to Envy" which is based on extensive interviews with North Koreans, and it's very much worth reading).
ReplyDeleteWe can, in fact, take into account the economic system when thinking about regime types - we often speak of capitalist democracies vs. socialist democracies, and we can certainly speak of socialist dictatorships vs. capitalist dictatorships, or make as many gradations as we want. As I've mentioned in lecture, we need to use the categories that are useful for our purposes and questions.
Just to throw my two cents in from a slightly different angle: I think it is also important to consider a balanced approach when it comes to how an audience responds to what is offered by the media. It is true that the effect of media content can encourage a trend towards such a 'consumerist' culture and can exercise what appears to be a considerable influence, however I also think that we (as consumers of this media) are also objective and maintain the ability to actively respond to it. I believe (for the most part) that audiences are able to utilise this understanding to an extent that at least distinguishes us from 'mindless creatures.' So I do agree that the media potentially holds a great deal of power as far as contributing to the establishment of various norms or trends, I just think that rather than adopting the 'hypodermic theory' of media effect (which is a somewhat simple explanation for the complex processes that take place in the interpretation of media content), we should perhaps give us humans slightly more credit when it comes to making our own decisions and resisting the nature of propaganda and indoctrination. But still a very interesting subject Emily, thanks for sharing!
ReplyDeleteGood points Shaun. It's actually not easy to "indoctrinate" people in the strict sense of the word.
DeleteI’m sorry but this Martinov guy is an idiot. By all means hold up a mirror to the W̶e̶… developed world – a free, critical press is an essential component of the democracy we enjoy – but please don’t do it by trying to defend a pernicious dictatorship.
ReplyDelete“Ah, but you’ve just been brainwashed by the PR machine driven by America’s ruling elite: North Korea is really a delightful place to live!” he might retort. Um, no. It’s not. If Mr Martinov had actually done his job as a documentary filmmaker, rather than just emulating the propaganda steamroller he is so lamely trying to attack, he could have chosen from a number of nonpartisan sources to get the other side of the story, for example here (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y0yhV6IT7o) and here (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ebq3C6txH0).
Had he done so, he would surely have realized the exquisite irony of his North Korean professor describing the citizens of the W̶e̶… developed world as “brainwashed” and “indoctrinated”. I suggest Mr Martinov goes to Pyongyang to make a similar film about the North Korean government: he’d soon be shipped off to one of Kim Jong Un’s holiday camps for their famous exercise and weight-loss programme, and would have plenty of time to mull over whether or not living in a liberal democracy is so bad after all.
No, idiots like this do not deserve our attention. But the questions Emily raises (in a far more measured, rational way – thank you) certainly do.
Personally I have no time for the “We’re all being brainwashed!!” refrain: if indoctrination really was as straightforward as Mr Martinov and his ilk would have us believe, then why not go the whole hog? You know, let corporations pay 0% tax while paying their workers $1 a day. Avoid the bother and expense of elections by just keeping the Bush family in power for ever. Only have E24 running on the telly and OK! magazine on the newsstand. That kind of thing.
But that’s clearly not the case, so I suggest we consider a different perspective. Let’s take the media, so often criticized for having an evil agenda to turn us all into brain-dead automatons concerned only with celebrity and consumerism. Now consider the reality when you walk into a Whitcoulls or similar anywhere in the developed world: hundreds of different magazines catering for everything from tramping to architecture to sheep aficionados (true story, here: http://www.sheepmagazine.com/). In terms of choice, it doesn’t get much more democratic than this. Now it’s true that the celebrity and gossip rags are the best sellers, but to me that’s less of a reflection of what the media are forcing down our throats than what Joe Public wants to read. After all, if you were Rupert Murdoch and you noticed that magazines with sheep on the cover were outselling ones featuring the royal sprog, it’s obvious what sort of magazines you’d start printing. Nope, the media aren’t trying to indoctrinate us. They just want to sell more magazines/ TV channels.
The same approach can be applied to politics. If National decided to cut all university funding, increase income tax and VAT to 50% and build a nuclear power station in the Milford Sound, do you think they’d get re-elected for another term? Of course not. Instead they serve up what (most of) the people want. Which brings us to a far more interesting, but awkward, question: if the politicians and media in the W̶e̶… developed world are simply responding to the wishes of, well, you and me, why then are things far less rosy then they could and should be?