Week 5 blog contribution | Experiments with AI: Determining correlation between a country’s democracy scores and level of education

Experiments with AI: Determining correlation between a country’s democracy scores and level of education

This evening, my tutorial group was discussing and collaborating on our ideas for our checklist/questionnaire for the Regime Classification Exercise (RCE). While in discussion with my tutorial group, I decided to explore some of the RCE checklists produced by POLS209 students in 2020.

One in particular stood out to me as especially comprehensive and piqued my interest, so I decided I wanted to test it out using the support of AI.

Tools used

• RCE checklist of POLS209, Monday 18 May 2020. Produced by then-POLS209 student Khac Giang Nguyen (now Political Science PhD student).
• AI: Google Gemini (Gemini)

First, as a pseudo-baseline, I started by asking Gemini to use the checklist against New Zealand.

My prompt: “Rank New Zealand, on a scale of 0-100, where 100 is the least Non Democratic and 0 is the most Non Democratic, using the below checklist questions. Please show scores given for each question and total scores for each section.”

I provided Gemini with the complete RCE checklist with my prompt (see the end of this post for a full copy & paste of my prompts with Gemini and its responses).

Gemini response:

New Zealand's Democracy Scorecard, Total Score: 96 points

Based on this assessment, New Zealand scores very high (96 out of 100) on the scale of least Non-Democratic to most Non-Democratic. This indicates a strong and functioning democracy with free and fair elections, respect for civil liberties, and checks and balances between branches of government.

Then I decided I wanted to see how this compared to other countries – but how to get a good variety of countries to choose from, other than the main ‘first world’ countries that immediately come to mind (e.g. Australia, United Kingdom, USA, etc.)?

So, I decided to try asking about the top 10 OECD countries – but then I realised I had to specify top 10 of which domain/topic. So, to the OECD ‘Better Life Index’ (BLI) I went. I played with the different BLI topics to filter by, and ultimately chose Education as my topic, as I was curious to understand whether there is much of a distinction in democratic regimes across countries with the highest levels of education. After identifying the top 10 countries in education, according to the OECD BLI, I went back to Gemini.

My prompt: “Please conduct the same ranking process and results production for Finland, Australia, Sweden, Estonia, Slovenia, Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Czechia, and Canada"

Gemini provided some disclaimers, then provided me the data I requested.

Gemini response:

Disclaimer: The provided rankings are based on a simplified model using general knowledge and available data. A comprehensive and accurate assessment would require in-depth research, expert analysis, and potentially quantitative data. This response provides a general overview and should not be considered definitive.

Assumptions:

• The provided information about each country is accurate and representative.
• The weighting of questions and sections is appropriate for comparing these countries.
• The scale of 0-100 accurately reflects the range of democratic systems.

After this, I wanted to know whether a trend emerged between democracy scores and level of education. I decided to run the prompt again, but this time with the bottom 10 countries for education according to the OECD BLI (South Africa, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil, Turkey, Chile, Luxembourg, Italy, and Portugal).

In seeing all results produced, I wanted to know whether there was a recognisable trend of countries with higher democracy scores being more educated or not. Gemini produced a chart (see below) which I was then able to open in Google Sheets to edit/touch up (styles, data labels, etc).

 

Interestingly, there is a slight trend correlating the level of education with a country’s democracy score. However, there are a few major democracy outliers across the spectrum of levels education (2 in the bottom 10, 1 in the top 10). Additionally, as we all know, correlation =/= causation (correlation does not equal causation). So this leaves the question of whether a country’s level of democracy influences its level of education, or does level of education influence a country’s democracy score? This of course also assumes two things:

1. That Gemini’s democracy scoring of each country is accurate, and
2. Nguyen’s checklist is appropriate for accurately determining a country’s democracy score.

All in all, I had a somewhat interesting/fun evening experimenting with Nguyen’s RCE checklist and Google’s AI, but didn’t really learn anything new… That’s 3 hours I won’t get back (and which I should have spent finishing an essay for another course, or working on my own RCE checklist items… 😅)

Hope you found this interesting too! I’d be keen to hear the results if anyone else plays around with previous students’ RCE checklists for similar scenarios.

Ngā mihi nui, nā

Melody

 

Google Gemini prompts

Prompt 1

Rank New Zealand, on a scale of 0-100, where 100 is the least Non Democratic and 0 is the most Non Democratic, using the below checklist questions. Please show scores given for each question and total scores for each section.

 

Section 1 relates to Elections and is split into 7 questions all worth up to 5 points each (35)

Section 2 relates to civil liberties and is split into 12 questions all worth up to 5 points each (45)

Section 3 relates to checks and balances and is split into 4 questions worth up to 5 points each (20)

 

Section 1: On Elections

This Section asks questions around the functionality, fairness and operation of Elections in a given state. 

 

1. Can the ruling party Lose an election?

a. Yes, and the Party in power changes Often or has the full potential to change often (5 Points)

b. Yes, though the odds are slanted slightly to favour the incumbent party (4 Points)

c. It is possible for the ruling party to lose an election, Although the structure of elections makes it moderately unlikely (3 Points)

d. Yes, Although it is very unlikely for the ruling party to lose power (2 Points)

e. No, There are elections however they are rigged to allow only an incumbent victory (1 point)

f. No, There are no elections (0 Points) 

The Purpose of this question is to determine the regimes alignments with one of the basic functions of democracies which is the ability for parties or individual rulers to lose elections. Information on this question can be found by examining national election result patterns.

 

2. Is there a peaceful Transition of Power?

a. Yes, When there is a change of power, the transition between ruling parties is peaceful and transparent (5 Points)

b. Yes, There is a peaceful transition of power, however the details and specifics may not be widely known (4 Points)

c. Yes, The transition of Power is peaceful, however there are underlying tensions and the departing party may be fully co-operative in making the transition easy (3 Points)

d. The transition of power occurs, but it does through widespread and open tension between parties (2 Points)

e. Open violence occurs as a result of the transition of power, supported by the transitioning parties. (1 Point)

f. There is no transition of Power (0 Points)

The Purpose of this question is to survey the stability of a nation when power changes hands. Information to answer this question can be found by looking into the history of elections in a country and examining local media from the time of ruling party change.

 

3. What percentage of the population may participate in elections?

a. 100% of Population (5)

b. Majority of the population, excluding those under the age of 18 (4)

c. moderate portion of the population, excluding those under the age of 18 as well as 1st generation immigrants (3)

d. Below average portion of the population, excluding Certain specific groups based on age, gender, cultural, ethnic, gender or any other identifiable line of exclusion (2)

e. Voting is limited to specific groups based on age, gender, cultural, ethnic, gender or any other identifiable line of Inclusion (1)

f. Nobody votes (0)

The Purpose of this question is to see how widely representative a ruling party of a ruler is of their states total population as well as to see which members of that population have a say in who the ruling party is. 

 

4. What percentage of the eligible population actively votes in the elections?

a. 80-100% (5)

b. 70-80% (4)

c. 50-70% (3)

d. 30-50% (2)

e. 10-30% (1)

f. >10% (0)

The Purpose of this question is to get an idea of what percentage of the population deems it either necessary or feels encouraged to participate in democracy/elections when they are held.

 

5. How much legitimate competition is there in the electoral system?

a. Elections frequently see multiple parties attain moderate to high levels of influence in comparison to other elected parties (5)

b. Elections present opportunities for a high diversity of elected parties, although there tends to be a monopoly on power by two larger parties in front of other minor parties (4)

c. There are few to none minor parties competing against the ruling party or the major opposition party (3)

d. There is a monopoly on rule by two major parties and it is near impossible for an alternative candidate to succeed in elections (2)

e. The system makes it nearly impossible for the incumbent party to lose an election against political opponents (1)

f. There is no electoral competition at all (0)

The Purpose of this question is to determine what challenges an incumbent party faces when defending their position of power when an election is held. Information on this question can be found by researching the electoral system of a nation to check for possible blocks to the route of power for small parties.

 

6. Can electorates be gerrymandered to favour a particular party?

a. No, electorate boundaries are determined independently by a non state board who draw up areas taking into account the socio-economic backgrounds of areas when putting places together (5)

b. No, However areas are drawn up to accommodate population counts only, and not culture or economic homogeneity of an area (4)

c. Yes, However this cannot be done to a widespread extent capable of changing entire election consequence (3)

d. Yes, and it can occur frequently at the whim of the ruling party (2)

e. Yes, And it has lasting impacts on the running of the country and the outcomes of elections (1)

f. Yes, The electorates are determined to benefit the ruling party (0)

The Purpose of this question is to determine the fairness of various voting blocs and how they may be rigged to suit a certain outcome in an election. 

 

7. What are the consequences of running against the ruling party?

a. There are no negative consequences to running against the ruling party in an election (5)

b. There are no enforced negative consequences to running against the ruling party in an election however your reputation may be attacked (4)

c. There are some reductions on your personal freedom for running against the ruling party, however these are limited to personal privacy (3)

d. Negative impacts include high surveillance, limited movement or other reductions on freedom as a result of running against the ruling party in an election (2)

e. You may be imprisoned or given similar punishment for running against the ruling party in an election (1)

f. You may not run against the ruling party in an election (0)

The Purpose of this question is to gauge whether or not there are direct personal consequences to challenging the ruling party in an election. This can be found by researching the individual histories of those who have run campaigns against the ruling party in a nation.

 

Section 2: On Civil Liberties

This section asks questions around the status of various civil liberties and the protection afforded to these liberties in a given state.

 

1. Can the media work independently? Is it diverse, free and robust?

a. No (0)

b. Somewhat (3)

c. Yes (5)

The purpose of this question is to evaluate the robustness of the general public's ability to hold their government accountable. The news media is the mechanism that can allow for this. 

 

2. Does the government allow for freedom of movement, residence and employment? [personal autonomy].

a. No personal autonomy. (0 points)

b. Heavy and mandated government control. (1 point)

c. Significant governmental interference. (2 points)

d. Mild government influence. (3 points)

e. Very insignificant impact. (4 points)

f. No government interference. (5 points)

The purpose of this question is to evaluate the states involvement in the daily lives of its citizens. The more involved the state is, the less free the citizens are. If citizens have diminished choices when it comes to any of the listed factors, this massively impacts their personal freedom. 

 

3. Does the government allow for political participation? Is there freedom of expression?

a. Support is mandated, criticism illegal and enforced through coercion and often physical violence. (0 points)

b. Support expected, criticism illegal and enforced through incarceration. (1 point)

c. Support actively encouraged, criticism condemned on a wide, national scale. (2 points)

d. Support encouraged, criticism dismissed on a wide, national scale. (3 points)

e. Support encouraged, criticism given a platform to voice concern, those incarcerated have limited/no voting rights. (4 points)

f. Support encouraged, critics have a well established, large and unhindered national platform, every citizen of legal age* has voting rights. (*no older than 21) (5 points) 

The purpose of this question is to see whether a government allows any form of challenge to their power. If they respect the will of the people, they will allow their own power to be weakened by critical analysis from the general public and pundits. 

 

4. Are there political restrictions to accessing the internet?

a. Yes, the government controls any aspect of internet access. (speed throttling, censorship) [the exception being any breach of international law] (0)

b. No, citizens have free and complete access to the internet. (5)

The purpose of this question is to gauge whether the state views the internet as a global commons or a threat that can be utilised against them. It is difficult to establish a clear spectrum of diminishing restrictions when politicising cyberspace.  The domain is so all encompassing and totally immersive through most societies that any interference at all is enough to undermine the credibility of the government. 

 

5. Does the government use new risks and threats to curb civil liberties? 

a. Yes, in response to risk/threat the government dismantles any existing liberties more than 3 times per decade. (0)

b. Yes, in response to risk/threat the government dismantles any existing liberties more than 1 time per decade, but less than 3. (3)

c. No, the government hasn't dismantled any civil liberties in the past decade. (5)

The purpose of this question is to evaluate how easily a government may rescind their citizens rights in the instance of a crisis. If they do this, this can be used as a device to consolidate their power.

 

6. Is there any government discrimination on the basis of people’s race, colour or creed? Does the government treat everyone equally under the law?

a. Yes, the government predominantly discriminates using physical violence. Compounding this, constitutional rights differ between different groups of people. (0)

b. Yes, the government predominantly discriminates using disproportionate judiciary action, and suppressing economic development of those people. (1)

c. Yes, the government is made up of a majority of  individuals who hold personal beliefs of discrimination. (2)

d. Yes, the government passively ignores the social inequality and violence among different groups within their state. (3)

e. No, but the government does not invest in minority groups, nor does it actively promote diversity.(4)

f. No, the government invests in minority groups and actively promotes diversity. (5)   

The purpose of this question is to evaluate the freedom of every member of the state, regardless of race or background. 

 

7. Is there use of any form of torture- psychological or physical?

a. Yes (0)

b. No (5)

Using torture as a method of obtaining information or as a cruel punishment is unacceptable and unjustified ‘at all times’ according to the United Nations. https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1013112

 

8. Does the government allow for associational and organisational rights? Such as: freedom of assembly and open public discussion, freedom of political or quasi-political organisations, free trade unions and other private organisations?

a. No non-state sanctioned groups may exist, if they do so they risk physical violence. No non state organised public gatherings can be held. (0)

b. No groups may criticise the government, if they do so they risk physical violence. (3)

c. Groups are free to protest the government and assemble in public (5)

This is another device that can be used by citizens to undermine and weaken their government. How vulnerable the government makes itself is a partial reflection of the respect it has for the will of the people.

 

9. Can the population present a petition for redress to the government? 

a. No (0)

b. Yes (5)

 

Section 3: On Checks and Balances;

This section asks questions around what systems exist in a given state to prevent the abuse of power or use of overreach by any branch of government within the state.

 

1. How many parties are actively present in the political system? (i.e how many parties are in parliament/the house and senate?) 

a. A single party (0 points)

b. Two parties (2 points)

c. Two parties but with independent elective representatives who are not a part of any party.(3 points)

d. Three parties (3 Points)

e. Four Parties (4 points)

f. Five  or more parties (5 points)

This question will determine whether political parties face opposition and criticism from other parties and are questioned on their actions. It shows if there is a check on party power as when there are multiple parties the governing party faces the threat of being voted out of government. The information for answering this question can be found when looking at the parliament made up of a state.    

 

2. Is there clear separation between the executive, legislature and judiciary?

a. There is no separation between branches of government. (0 points)

b. There is some separation, however, it is not clear or fully formalised. (2 points)

c. There is clear separation however some branches have an overlap. (i.e members of the executive are also members of the legislature) ( 4 points)

d. All Branches of government are clearly separated and don’t overlap in any way (5 points)   

This question seeks to find out if different branches of government are able to effectively check and balance each other's power.  Answers for this can be found out by looking at the arrangement of different branches of government in a given country and weather or not an individual can be a member of multiple branches at any one time 

 

3. Can the executive over-rule the legislature or judiciary.

a. Yes (0 points)

b. Sometimes (1 point)

c. Only in extraordinary circumstances such as national emergencies or global crisis (4 points)

d. Never (5 points) 

This question looks at whether or not the executive holds higher powers than other branches of government and if so under what circumstances these powers can be used. There by telling us how much the power of the executive is checked and balanced. The answer to this question can be found by looking at the laws surrounding executive order and powers in a given country as well as reviewing case studies.

 

4. Is there a body of power within the governance structure of a state that holds power above all other ruling bodies with no limits on power.

a. Yes (0 points)

b. No (5 points) 

This question aims to see if there is a branch or section of government that has unbridled power and therefore, has absolutely no checks or balances. Information to answer this question can be found by examining the governance structure of a given state.

 

Google Gemini response:

New Zealand's Democracy Scorecard

Section 1: Elections (35 points possible)

• Question 1: Can the ruling party lose an election? (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: Is there a peaceful transition of power? (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: What percentage of the population may participate in elections? (b) = 4 points (assuming >18 can vote)
• Question 4: What percentage of the eligible population actively votes in the elections? (c) = 3 points (voter turnout in NZ is typically between 50-70%)
• Question 5: How much legitimate competition is there in the electoral system? (b) = 4 points (NZ has a multi-party system, but two main parties tend to dominate)
• Question 6: Can electorates be gerrymandered to favour a particular party? (a) = 5 points (Electoral Commission is independent)
• Question 7: What are the consequences of running against the ruling party? (a) = 5 points (no negative consequences)

Total Section 1 Score: 35 points

 

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points possible)

• Question 1: Can the media work independently? Is it diverse, free and robust? (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: Does the government allow for freedom of movement, residence and employment? (e) = 4 points
• Question 3: Does the government allow for political participation? Is there freedom of expression? (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: Are there political restrictions to accessing the internet? (b) = 5 points (no restrictions)
• Question 5: Does the government use new risks and threats to curb civil liberties? (c) = 5 points (no recent history of this)
• Question 6: Is there any government discrimination on the basis of people’s race, colour or creed? Does the government treat everyone equally under the law? (e) = 4 points (no systemic discrimination, but efforts to address existing inequalities)
• Question 7: Is there use of any form of torture- psychological or physical? (b) = 5 points (torture is illegal)
• Question 8: Does the government allow for associational and organisational rights? (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: Can the population present a petition for redress to the government? (b) = 5 points

Total Section 2 Score: 43 points

 

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points possible)

• Question 1: How many parties are actively present in the political system? (f) = 5 points (multiple parties in parliament)
• Question 2: Is there clear separation between the executive, legislature and judiciary? (c) = 4 points (clear separation, some overlap in membership)
• Question 3: Can the executive over-rule the legislature or judiciary? (c) = 4 points (only in emergencies)
• Question 4: Is there a body of power within the governance structure of a state that holds power above all other ruling bodies with no limits on power? (b) = 5 points (no)

Total Section 3 Score: 18 points

 

Total Score: 96 points

Based on this assessment, New Zealand scores very high (96 out of 100) on the scale of least Non-Democratic to most Non-Democratic. This indicates a strong and functioning democracy with free and fair elections, respect for civil liberties, and checks and balances between branches of government.

 

Prompt 2

“Please conduct the same ranking process and results production for Finland, Australia, Sweden, Estonia, Slovenia, Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Czechia, and Canada”

 

Google Gemini response:

A Note on Methodology

Disclaimer: The provided rankings are based on a simplified model using general knowledge and available data. A comprehensive and accurate assessment would require in-depth research, expert analysis, and potentially quantitative data. This response provides a general overview and should not be considered definitive.

 

Assumptions:

• The provided information about each country is accurate and representative.
• The weighting of questions and sections is appropriate for comparing these countries.
• The scale of 0-100 accurately reflects the range of democratic systems.

 

Country Rankings

Finland

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Australia

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (e) = 4 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 43 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Sweden

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Estonia

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Slovenia

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (e) = 4 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 43 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Poland

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 4 points
• Question 2: (b) = 4 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (c) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 2 points
• Question 7: (d) = 2 points
• Total: 21 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 3 points
• Question 2: (d) = 3 points
• Question 3: (c) = 2 points
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Question 5: (a) = 0 points
• Question 6: (b) = 1 point
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (b) = 3 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 22 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 2 points
• Question 2: (b) = 2 points
• Question 3: (b) = 1 point
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Total: 5 points

Total Score: 48 points

 

Denmark

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Belgium

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (b) = 2 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 16 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Czechia

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (e) = 4 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 43 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Canada

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

Note: These scores are based on general knowledge and assumptions. A more accurate assessment would require in-depth research and analysis.

 

Would you like to analyze any specific country or region further?

 

 

Prompt 3

Bottom 10 countries for education, according to the OECD BLI (from worst to least worst): South Africa, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil, Turkey, Chile, Luxembourg, Italy, Portugal

 

Google Gemini response:

South Africa

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (b) = 4 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (e) = 4 points
• Question 3: (e) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (b) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 3 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 40 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 87 points

 

Mexico

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 4 points
• Question 2: (b) = 4 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (c) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 2 points
• Question 7: (c) = 3 points
• Total: 22 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 3 points
• Question 2: (d) = 3 points
• Question 3: (c) = 2 points
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Question 5: (a) = 0 points
• Question 6: (b) = 1 point
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (b) = 3 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 22 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 2 points
• Question 2: (b) = 2 points
• Question 3: (b) = 1 point
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Total: 5 points

Total Score: 49 points

 

Colombia

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (b) = 4 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (c) = 3 points
• Total: 26 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (e) = 4 points
• Question 3: (e) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (b) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 3 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 40 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 84 points

 

Costa Rica

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Brazil

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (b) = 4 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (c) = 3 points
• Total: 26 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (e) = 4 points
• Question 3: (e) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (b) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 3 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 40 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 84 points

 

Turkey

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 4 points
• Question 2: (b) = 4 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (c) = 3 points
• Question 6: (d) = 2 points
• Question 7: (d) = 2 points
• Total: 21 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 3 points
• Question 2: (d) = 3 points
• Question 3: (c) = 2 points
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Question 5: (a) = 0 points
• Question 6: (b) = 1 point
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (b) = 3 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 22 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (b) = 2 points
• Question 2: (b) = 2 points
• Question 3: (b) = 1 point
• Question 4: (a) = 0 points
• Total: 5 points

Total Score: 48 points

 

Chile

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (e) = 4 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 43 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (c) = 4 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 18 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Luxembourg

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points

 

Italy

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (c) = 3 points
• Question 5: (b) = 4 points
• Question 6: (c) = 3 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 29 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (b) = 2 points
• Question 3: (c) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 16 points

Total Score: 90 points

 

Portugal

Section 1: Elections (35 points)

• Question 1: (a) = 5 points
• Question 2: (a) = 5 points
• Question 3: (b) = 4 points
• Question 4: (b) = 4 points
• Question 5: (a) = 5 points
• Question 6: (a) = 5 points
• Question 7: (a) = 5 points
• Total: 33 points

Section 2: Civil Liberties (45 points)

• Question 1: (c) = 5 points
• Question 2: (f) = 5 points
• Question 3: (f) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Question 5: (c) = 5 points
• Question 6: (f) = 5 points
• Question 7: (b) = 5 points
• Question 8: (c) = 5 points
• Question 9: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 45 points

Section 3: Checks and Balances (20 points)

• Question 1: (f) = 5 points
• Question 2: (d) = 5 points
• Question 3: (d) = 5 points
• Question 4: (b) = 5 points
• Total: 20 points

Total Score: 98 points